This study focuses on the development of continue to grow, strengthening cybersecurity measures a Machine Learning Algorithms and Hybrid Model is essential in protecting businesses, organizations, and that combines Naïve Bayes and all other algorithms individuals from online fraud. By improving phishing which are the XGBoost, Support Vector Machine, detection models, this research contributes to the Random Forest and Decision Tree to enhance the development of more reliable an d secure digital detection of phishing w ebsites. The system was infrastructures, ensuring safer online transactions and trained and tested using three datasets (Dataset1, communications. Dataset2 and Dataset3) with various train - test split (50% - 50%, 60% - 40%, 70% - 30%, 80% - 20%, and Meanwhile, SDG 16 aims to promote peace, justice, 90% - 10%) to evaluate its performance under and strong institutions, which includes ensuring security in both different conditions. The preprocessing stag e physical and digital spaces. Phishing is a form of cybercrime that included normalization, feature selection, and data targets individuals and organizations by tricking them into balancing using SMOTE to improve accuracy. To giving away sensitive information. This study helps in the fight validate the model, 10 - Fold Cross Validation was against cybercrime by providing effective methods to detect and applied to ensure consistency and prevent prevent phishing attacks. Strengthening cybersecurity systems overfitting. The system's performance was assessed supports the protection of personal data, financial assets, and using key eval uation metrics such as accuracy, institu tional security, ultimately contributing to a safer and more precision, recall, and F1 - score. The results revealed trustworthy digital environment [2]. the XGBoost and hybrid model is Naïve Bayes and Decision Tree classifiers, demonstrating higher detection accuracy and reliability. II. R EVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Rabies remains a significant public Addressing this gap requires the integration of health concern, primarily due to unregistered pets and digital solutions to improve the monitoring, insufficient vaccination monitoring. This study accessibility, and enforcement of rabies vaccination introduces PetVax, a mobile application designed to programs. address rabies cases by facilitating pet registration, vaccinatio n monitoring, and communication between Recent advancements in mobile - based health pet owners and local authorities. The primary objectives applications have shown significant potential in are to streamline pet record management, enhance improving disease surveillance and vaccination tracking vaccination compliance, and improve accessibility to [5] . Studies have demonstrated that digital vaccination vaccination schedules. The study follows the System record - keeping can increase vaccination compliance Devel opment Life Cycle (SDLC) methodology, and accessibility by allowing pet owners and veterinary including requirements gathering, system design, authorities to track and manage immunization schedules development, testing, and deployment. PetVax was more effectively. The Global Alliance for Rabies developed with the use of technology tools such as Flet, Control (GARC) Data Logger, for example, was Python, and SQlite. The application incorporates successfully implemented in Namibia’s rabies features such as pet registration, vaccination reminders, vaccination campaigns, enabling real - time monitoring and notifications of upcoming rabies vaccination events, and data collection for better decision - making [6] . with all data stored in a centralized database for easy Similarly, in Haiti, the use of technology - aided canine retrieval. The results demonstrate improved pet vaccination campaigns led to higher vaccination registration accuracy, increased vaccination coverage and better coordination among health workers compli ance, and enhanced accessibility to pet health [7] . A study in Tanzania explored a mobile facial records. The novelty of this research lies in its recognition system for identifying vaccinated dogs, integration of digital pet health management within a further illustrating how digital solutions can enhance user - friendly platform, ensuring real - time data vaccination efforts [8] . These technological accessibility for both pet owners and administrators. advancements underscore the need for a mobile Pet Vax significantly contributes to rabies prevention application that centralizes pet registration, vaccination efforts by providing an efficient, scalable solution for tracking, and real - time notifications to ensure local governments and pet owners. compliance and efficiency.

A mobile - based Mango Sizing Application II. METHODOLOGY using an Image Processing was developed to address the challenges of manual fruit grading methods in the A. Application Overview agricultural industry. Traditional manual grading is time - consuming and often inconsistent due to human Our Mango Sizing Application — affectionately subject ivity. This application automates mango grading called Mangrade — was built using Cordova and based on size, color, and weight using image processing Android Studio to make it accessible on smartphones. and linear regression models. The application captures It’s designed to be user - friendly: users simply snap a mango images, processes them to extract relevant photo of a mango, and the app does the rest. Behind the features, and classifies them into pr edefined size grades. scenes, it analyzes the image to detect key features like Evaluated using ISO 25010 software quality standards, color and pixel dimensions. Using a linear regression the application scored high in functionality, efficiency, model, the app then estimates the mango’s weight and usability, maintainability, and security. The proposed automatically classifies it into size categories such as solution offers a reliable, fast, and consistent method for Grade A, B, or C. mango c lassification, providing a practical alternative to traditional methods. B . Image Processing and Feature Extraction

DOCCHECK: An Online Annotating Tool for Document. a Capstone Document is a web - based system aimed to Specifically, this study aims to: digitalize and streamline the process of capstone document a. create a database to store the capstone leader checking. The system was created to lessen the printing profile, the adviser profile, the panelist profile, the expenses of the students under the Computer Studies grammarian profile, the subject teacher profile, the Department, specif ically the Bachelor of Science in research coordinator profile, annotation, and capstone Information Technology and Bachelor of Science in documents; Information Systems students, pursuing a capstone project as one of the major requirements for graduation. The b. create an interface for capstone leader to manage system also gives a solution to the laborious process of the capstone documents; sche duling consultations with the students' advisers and c. create an interface for adviser, panelist, subject other faculty involved in the checking process. The system teacher, grammarian, to annotate the capstone documents; was used starting in their third year in the course until their d. create an interface for the research coordinator to capstone document was ready for hardbound. The primary view objective of this system was to enable advisers, panelists, the annotations; and subject teachers, and grammarians to annotate PDF documents uploaded by the assigned capstone leaders, e. be evaluated by ISO/IEC 25010. while also allowing the capstone leaders to view these annotations. The system was developed using the iterative III. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK proce sses of Agile Methodology with PHP, Javascript, CSS, and MySQL database server. The system's overall acceptability using the ISO 25010 software quality standard was rated as "excellent" with a grand mean of 4.66.

This study presents ClickMap : A Visual - Shalom Hamod Housing Project as a strategic response Based Household Management Interface specifically to address these critical challenges. Nevertheless, the project has been hampered by the use of out - dated developed for SHALOM HAMOD BATAD to manual systems for managing with occupant streamline the administration of household data through information, which has generated administrative an intuitive, stand - alone desktop application. The inefficiencies, mis allocations of resources, and delays system integrates a static visual map interface with an that hinder prompt disaster response. interactive household management module, enabling barangay officials and DSWD personnel to efficiently In the current digital age, the housing industry can register, update, and monitor resident information in an be significantly improved through sophisticated offline environment. Designed using the Rapid information management systems since effective Application Development (RAD) model, ClickMap organization, analysis, and utilization of housing data underwent iterative prototyping and user - driven have the capability to transform housing solutions and refinements to ensure alignment with administrative urban planning (Maksimenko et al., 2021). Housing administration an d mapping tools have moved toward workflows. The system was evaluated using the ISO/IEC digitalization and more efficiency, and as pointed out by 25010 Software Quality Model and the Computer (Chiang et al., 2016). The integration of a visual - based System Usability Questionnaire (CSUQ), yielding high map interface in housing management p resents a critical ratings in functionality, reliability, maintainability, and scientific challenge, meriting focused research initiatives usability. Results demonstrate ClickMap’s effectiveness aimed at advancing the development of automated in enhancing data accessibility, improving operational systems (El - Anwar & Chen, 2016) to support community - based projects such as Shalom Hamod. efficiency, and minimizing manual workload. The platform offers a scalable solution for future This study proposes ClickMap: A Visual - Based enhancements, including potential integration with Household Management Interface for SHALOM automated systems and broader applications in HAMOD BATAD system designed to enhance the community - based housing management. administration of the Shalom Hamod Batad Housing Project through the integration of advanced mapping technology. Unlike the existing manual data processing

- The main purpose of this study was to Law, R., 2008). provide a convenient and easy - to - use platform for the The Municipality of Carles was abundant in passenger booking system. We proposed, designed, and beautiful white beaches that attracted many tourists, developed an online - based booking system known as especially to popular islands such as Gigantes Island. At Bangka Explorer: Ultimate Travel and Tour Booking Bancal Port in Carles, Iloilo, boat rental transactions and reservations were still conducted manually. This process System, which offered an efficient solution for m anaging caused inconvenience due to long queues and waiting times passenger bookings, boat schedules, and payments. It also for passengers seeking boat rentals to their desired ensured clear communication among passengers, boat destinations. There was also a lack of notification updates owners, and the administrator. The system integrated real - regarding unexpected booking cancellations, boat and seat time SMS notifications to update users about booking availabilit y, and the collection of passenger information statuses, schedule changes, and other relevant information. required by the coast guard in case of unforeseen incidents during travel. Additionally, planning and booking trips It supported online payment methods such as PayMaya and online was considered risky due to the prevalence of GCash, providing a convenient and secure alternative to scamming issues. Organizing travel plans , comparing cash transactions. Through its user - friendly interface and options, and managing reservations were time - consuming streamlined processes, the system enhanced the travel tasks that failed to effectively cater to the needs and experience, minimized manual errors, and saved time for preferences of the passengers. both passengers and administrator. We found an opportunity to address these issues by developing an online - based booking system that provided System obtained an overall mean score of 6.38 , an easy - to - use platform where passengers could browse which was interpreted as excellent . This result highlighted destinations, book tours, reserve transportation, receive the system’s strong capability and resilience in handling real - time updates, and make payments — all from a single booking transactions, including data storage, management, interface. By offering a convenient and accessible digital and validation. Respondents confirmed that the system solution, the system enhanced the overall travel operated reliably, maintained data accuracy and experience, reduced the manual workload, and helped accountability, and was designed with a structure that bridge the gap between passengers and tour operator in a supports both easy maintenance and potential future more efficient and modern way. The available bookings enhancements. The successful implementation of the were limited to nearby tourist destinations within the system improved the efficiency and reliability of booking vicinity of Carles, Iloilo . procedures, making it a valuable tool for the community at A. Conceptual Framework Bancal Port in Carl es, Iloilo, and contributing to the smooth operation of future tourism initiatives. The Bangka Explorer described how the

The CARES: Catholic Archive and Record hardware requirements. User requirements involve Entry System was developed to address inefficiencies in clients' details, baptism certificates, and confirmation the manual record management processes at the San certificates. Software requirements include Django Enrique Mary Help of Christians Parish Church. The and Python. The input stage includes user, software, system aimed to streamline administrative tasks, such as and hardware requirements. User requirements involve clients' details, baptism certificates, and searching for client records and generating certificates confirmation certificates. of Baptism, Confirmation, and Wedding. Using Django and Python, the web - based application was created Input Output under the Agile methodology. It was evaluated using the System Usability Scale (SUS) and received a high usability score of 93.75, described as "Best Imaginable" and graded A+. CARES significantly improved record management and service efficiency, demonstrating its potential as a valuable tool for church administrators.

This study developed and evaluated an IoT - Researchers proposed AquaFy: Water Dispenser based Water Dispenser Monitoring System with SMS Monitoring System using IoT with SMS Notifications to Notifications for staff and maintenance personnel. solve this urgent problem using IoT and SMS Conducted at Iloilo State University of Fisheries Science notifications. AquaFy uses cutting - edge technology to and Technology from March to November 2024, the monitor the water level in the dispenser in real time. When resear ch utilized a descriptive developmental method and the water level drops below a predefined threshold, the SDLC - Waterfall model. Tools such as Arduino IDE, authorized Personnel receive an instant SMS alert PyCharm, and Semaphore API were employed, alongside prompting timely action to refill the dispenser. This hardware components like the ESP8266 NodeMCU, Coin proactive approach eliminates the need for manual Acceptor, Water Flow Sensor, Water Pump, and LEDs . monitoring, reduces the risk of water shortage in cidents, Usability was assessed using the System Usability Scale and promotes a healthier and more efficient facility (SUS), involving one staff representative from each environment. 1.2 ISUFST - SEC course and 306 randomly selected students. The system achieved an outstanding SUS score of 96.27, 1.2 Objectives of the Study ranked "A+" within the 96 - 100 percent ile range, This study aimed to develop the AquaFy : Water indicating exceptional usability. The AquaFy system Dispenser Monitoring System using IoT with SMS automates water dispenser operations, reducing labor Notification. Specifically, this study aimed to: costs and downtime while enhancing maintenance through real - time alerts and remote monitoring. The results 1. develop AquaFy : Water Dispenser Monitoring demonstrate that the system is a cost - effective and System using IoT with SMS Notification to promptly practical tool for improving operational efficiency, with inform authorized Personnel when the water level in a significant usability and functionality benefits. dispenser falls below a predefined threshold;

This study introduces Basa - Kabataan , a mobile of factors such as scarce educational resources,socioeconomic application designed to improve reading proficiency among limitations, and the lack of contextually relevant reading Filipino learners in Grades 5 and 6 through speech materials. recognition technology. Developed using the Waterfall Model, the application followed a structured and sequential In response to these gaps, the Department of Education approach — from requirements gathering to deployment (DepEd) launched the “Catch - Up Fridays” reading initiative in and maintenance. The development utilized Android Studio January 2024, a weekly program across all public schools as the Integrated Development Environment (IDE), Java for aimed at fostering reading habits and boosting literacy levels programming the app, and Hostinger for web hosting. Key [2]. The initiative underscores the urgent need for innovative features include a u ser - friendly interface, integrated database tools and strategies that can address the diverse reading needs management for reading materials and user profiles, and of Filipino learners. real - time feedback mechanisms. The app evaluates reading fluency based on the Philippine Informal Reading Inventory To support national literacy initiatives, this study (Phil - IRI) standards and classifies students into slow, introduces Basa - Kabataan , a mobile app that uses speech average, or fast readers. recognition and adaptive learning to assess and enhance reading fluency. Aligned with Phil - IRI benchmarks [3], it To ensure its quality and effectiveness, the application classifies students as slow, average, or fast readers based on underwent thorough testing using the ISO/IEC 25010:2011 WPM and suggests personalized reading materials. standards, focusing on aspects such as functional suitability, performance efficiency, and usability. The evaluation, conducted by teachers, parents, and IT experts, Prior research highlights the effectiveness of mobile and yielded an overall mean score of 3.4, interpreted as AI - driven interventions. Navarrete [6] stressed theory - based “Excellent.” These results demonstrate the app’s potential instruction, while Tomas et al. [7] and Fernandez and Arriola as a reliable and innovative tool for supporting educators [8] identified reading challenges and comprehension gaps, and parents in enhancing learners' reading skills. By underscoring the need for targeted support. Tarun [9] promoted integrating AI - driven speech analysis with personalized digital tools for collaborative learning, and Escaro [4] explored reading recommendations, Basa - Kabataan contributes digital storytelling for learners with special needs. meaningfully to the Department of Education’s literacy improvement initiatives. Advances in speech recognition have shown promise in

Rice serves as a dietary staple for more than three who spoke on the health dangers associated with rice farming at billion individuals worldwide, yet notable postharvest losses the Philippine Rice Research Institute, instructed farmers on persist despite improvements in production methods. Although how to recognise the symptoms of heat stroke because, even in traditional sun drying is economical and environmentally rural health units, the disease is frequently overlooked or sustainable, it demands considerable labor, poses health hazards misdiagn osed. to farmers, and leads to inconsistent drying, which affects grain quality. To tackle these issues, this research introduced According to the statement of Mr. Nindro Paul "GrainBot: An Android Controlled Rice Grain Collector Robot." Pountero, one of the laguerta farmer, is that when sun - drying This robot, which operates on two wheels, employs a suction the rice or any grains, they encounter challenges like too much mechanism to gather sun - dried rice and can be controlled heat, time consumption, and difficulties in manually putting rice wirelessly through a specially designed Android app. The on a sun - dried mat. ( Sun drying of rice grains is very common, evaluation of the system's functionality, usability, efficiency, particularly in small and medium - sized batches of drying mat. compatibility, maintainability, rel iability, and portability was Uneven grain spreading and overheating on the drying mat can conducted following ISO 25010 standards by farmers, cause the grains to become tough, and will lost its nutrients. ) As agricultural experts, and IT professionals. The assessment a result, some grains may remain damp or under - dried while resulted in an "excellent" grand mean score of 4.61, reflecting others become early dry, leading to u neven grain spreading of high levels of user satisfaction and the system's e ffectiveness in grains, inadequate exposure to sunlight, and varying weather automating and streamlining the rice grain collection process. conditions. As a result, some grains may remain damp or under - The proposed system presents a promising technological dried while others become overly dry, leading to uneven quality approach to reducing manual labor, alleviating health risks for and potential spoilage. Achieving uniform dr ying id crucial to farmers, and enhancing the efficiency of postharvest rice ensuring the longevity and market value of the rice crop. handling . However, sun - drying has a limited capacity and is

Drainage clogging is a common issue faced by Drainage Clogging Monitoring System was many barangays, especially during the rainy season. conceptualized. This system integrates sensors and a Blocked drainage systems, filled with waste, leaves, and notification system to monitor water levels and detect debris, cause stagnant water to accumulate, resulting in blockages in drainage canals in real time. It alerts floods, property damage, and the spread of diseases such as dengue and malaria. These problems not only affect the barangay officials when water levels rise abnormally or safety and health of residents but also disrupt community when potential clogs are detected, allowing for immediate activities and strain local resources. Traditionally, action before problems escalate. drainage maintenance in barangays relies on manual inspection, which is time - consuming, inefficient, and The main purpose of SMARTFLOW is to often reactive rather than preventive. improve the efficiency and responsiveness of barangay disaster risk management teams in monitoring and This study proposes SMARTFLOW: Adaptive maintaining clean and functional drainage systems. By Drainage Clogging Monitoring System for Barangay, a using technology to automate monitoring, the system smart, real - time monitoring system designed to detect reduces the risk of flooding, enhances public safety, and abnormal water levels and potential blockages in drainage contributes to a cleaner, h ealthier community systems. Using water level sensors and data notif ication environment. features, SMARTFLOW provides barangay officials with timely alerts, enabling them to respond quickly and II. METHODOLOGY efficiently before minor issues escalate into major problems. The system helps reduce flooding risks, minimize health hazards, and prevent d amage to public Conceptual Framework infrastructure. Beyond its technical advantages, SMARTFLOW promotes proactive disaster preparedness , encourages environmental cleanliness, and supports sustainable urban development. By integrating modern technology into local governance, the project aims to empower barangay leaders with data - driven solutions for better public service delivery. Through continuous monitoring and timely maintenance, SMARTFLOW contributes to a cleaner, safer, and more resilient barangay, ultimately improving the quality of life for its residents. This research highlights the importance of adopting smart technolog ies in addressing everyday community problems and ensuring the welfare of the people. For the development of SMARTFLOW:

This study focuses on the development of a the development of a Soil - Based Microbial Fuel Cell Soil - Based Microbial Fuel Cell (SMFC) storage (SMFC) storage prototype designed to provide prototype integrated with an IoT - enabled monitoring alternative lighting for households, poultry houses, and system as an alternati ve power source for households, piggeries in Dumangas. The system integrates an poultry, and piggeries in the Municipality of Dumangas. Internet of Things (IoT) - enabled monitoring feature that Designed for remote areas where electricity is limited or tracks energy generation, storage, and consumption in unavailable, and as a backup power source during real time through a cloud - based dashboard. brownouts, the SMFC harnesses the metabolic activity of soil microbes to generate sustainable electrical By utilizing readily available soil resources and energy. integrating modern IoT technology, this project aimed to create a sustainable and practical backup power source The prototype consists of interconnected SMFC for small - scale rural applications. The system is units combined with an IoT - based monitoring system intended not only as a solution for off - grid areas but also that monitors real - time data on energy generation, as a reliable lighting source during brownouts, storage, and consumption. A cloud - based dashboard contributing to energy resilience and promoting provides users with up - to - date information, improving renewable energy adoption within the community. accessibility, maintenance and energy management, especially in isolated rural areas. II. METHODOLOGY Initial testing shows the SMFC can provide Conceptual Framework sufficient power to light small - scale setups such as poultry houses, piggeries, and basic household lighting during power interruptions. The integration of IoT This framework illustrates how local, natural resources technology ensures continuous monitoring and reliable like soil can be converted into useful electrical energy, performance, making it a practical, eco - friendly solution monitored, and managed efficiently using IoT, making for agricultural communities. This project aimed to it a practical and sustainable solution for rural support Dumangas’ move towards renewable, locally - Dumangas communities. sourced energy alternatives, promoting sustainability and energy resilience in rural and farming sectors.

The Municipality of Dumangas , a progressive concerns is the prevalence of illegal vehicle plates, town in Iloilo, faces growing challenges in monitoring including expired, tampered, mismatched, and vehicle activities, particularly in identifying unregistered, unregistered plates, which compromise public safety and tampered, or illegal vehicle plates. Manual vehicle hinder effective traffic management. Relying solely on inspections at checkpoints are often limited by human error, ineffic iency, and delays. To address this issue, this manual inspection methods at checkpoints has proven study proposes SECURE - SCAN: License Plate inefficient, time - consuming, and vulnerable to human Recognition for Detection of Illegal Vehicle Plates, an error, especially with the increasing volume of vehicles automated system aimed at improving public safety and traffic security within the locality. passing through Dumangas’ roads and highways. SECURE - SCAN utilizes high - definition To address this issue, this study introduces cameras strategically placed in key areas such as Secure - Scan, an automated License Plate Recognition municipal checkpoints, entry points, and public (LPR) system designed to detect illegal vehicle plates establishments. Captured images undergo preprocessing using advanced artificial intelligence (AI) and optical for contrast enhancement and plate localization. The character recognition (OCR) technologies. Secure Scan characters on the plates are extracted using Optical incorporates YOLOv8, a state - of - the - art deep learning Character Recognition (OCR) techniques and matched model, for real - time li cense plate detection, coupled with with the existing official registry of Land Transportation Tesseract OCR for accurate text extraction. The system Office (LTO)records. Any plate numbers that are uses an ESP32 - CAM module to capture vehicle images, unregistered, tampered with, or do not conform to processes them with OpenCV, and compares the stan dard formats are flagged as illegal. recognized plates against a local SQLite database of This technology - driven approach enhances the registered vehicles. capability of local authorities to conduct efficient, accurate, and real - time monitoring of vehicles entering By automating plate verification, Secure - Scan and moving within Dumangas. Automating vehicle plate aims to enhance traffic law enforcement in Dumangas, recognition and verification to minimize human error, reducing dependence on manual checks, minimizing reduce inspection times, and promote road safety and law errors, and ensuring faster, more accurate detection of compliance. The system provides real - time notifications illegal vehicle plates, contributing to safer and more and reports for quick decision - making and rapid orderly roadways. response, ensuring safer roads, regulated vehicle operations, and improved public ord er and security. II. METHODOLOGY

The growing movement of individuals through terminals in Western Visayas, serving as a gateway for regional Roll - on/Roll - off (RORO) ports poses a significant people traveling between Iloilo and Negros Occidental. challenge to law enforcement authorities, particularly in Given its strategic location and high passenger volume, the tracking wanted persons attempting to cross provinces or port is vulnerable to being used as an escape route by regions undetected. The study CrimeTra ck, an Intelligent Matching and Reporting System specifically designed for individuals with criminal records. Traditional manual the Dumangas RORO ports in Iloilo. The system aims to identity verification methods often prove insufficient due assist port security personnel and local law enforcement to limited manpower, time constraints, and the risk of agencies in identifying, matching, and reporting wanted human error. individuals based on real - time data verification and biometric analysis. To address this issue, this study proposes CrimeTrack: Intelligent Matching and Reporting System CrimeTrack utilizes biometric verification tools, for Wanted Persons. The system is designed to assist port including facial recognition and identity matching authorities and local law enforcement in automatically algorithms, to compare traveler information against active verifying the identity of passengers against national warrants and watchlists. Once a match is detected, the watchlists and warrant databases using intelligent system generates immediate alerts and incident reports for matching technologies such as facial recognition and security personnel and law enforcement officers on - site. biometric verification. By integrating with law enforcement databases and providing real - time alerts, CrimeTrack is built with a secure, user - friendly CrimeTrack aims to strengthen port security, improve interface, providing a centralized dashboard for monitoring, apprehension rates, and contribute to the overall safety of incident tracking, and generating analytical reports. The the community. system is designed to enhance public safety operations by reducing manual checks, minimizing human error, and This project highlights the importance of enabling faster response times. incorporating intelligent digital solutions in public safety operations and seeks to establish a scalable and efficient

The increasing elderly population has heightened the effectiveness, they are also accompanied by limitations. Wear - need for efficient and continuous fall detection systems. Camera - able devices can be uncomfortable, require regular charging or based monitoring solutions, while effective, pose signif - icant maintenance, and are often forgotten or deliberately not worn privacy concerns. This study addresses these concerns by by the elderly. Manual monitoring, o n the other hand, is labor - evaluating video anonymization techniques — stick figures and 3D avatars — that obscure identifiable visual features while preserv - intensive and prone to human error or delays in response. As an ing essential movement information for accurate fall detection. alternative, camera - based monitoring systems offer several Simulated scenarios conducted by volunteers wearing elderly advantages. They enable continuous, real - time observation and simulation suits fac ilitated realistic data collection. Analysis can facilitate rapid detection and response to fall events. More revealed the advantages and limitations of each anonymization advanced systems integrate artificial itelligence (AI) to detect technique, with 3D avatars preferred due to their superior contextual clarity and privacy balance, though stick figures abnormal movements or body postures automatically, signifi - presented notable benefits for resource - constrained environments. cantly reducing reliance on human supervision and improving The study highlights crucial insights into balancing privacy with the speed of emergency intervention. fall detection effectiveness, offering guidance for context - specific implementations. However, the adoption of camera - based monitoring is not without challenges. One of the most critical concerns relates to

This research aimed to develop and evaluate an Internet of Things (IoT) - based irrigation system titled “Watering Intelligent System with Integrated Control agricultural research and education. Despite this agricultural (WISIC): An IoT - based Crop Watering System,” prowess, challenges persist in optimizing irrigation practices to meet designed to optimize crop watering processes. Using a modern agrarian demands. descriptive - developmental method, the study was Recognizing this need, the "Watering Intelligent System with conducted at Iloilo State University of Fisheries Science Integrated Control (WISIC): An IoT - based Crop Watering System" and Technology – San Enrique Campus from August to project takes root within ISUFST - SEC. Drawing inspiration from November 20 24. The development adhered to the the region's agricultural heritage and fueled by the university's vision System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) - Rapid of advancing agrarian technology, WISIC aims to revolutionize Application Development (RAD) model. A usability test irrigation practices within and beyond the campus grounds was conducted using a standardized questionnaire checklist by John Brooke (1986), with respondents comprising four (4) purposively selected faculty II. METHODOLOGY members and twenty - five (25) students who were Research Design chosen randomly. Data collected were analyzed using the System Usability Scale (SUS), where WISIC This study employed the descriptive - developmental research achieved an SUS score of 95.60, denoting an “A+” grade method. Descriptive research refers to a statement of conditions within the 96 - 100 percentile range. The system was during the survey, with the researcher having no control over the described as “Best Imaginable” and “Acceptable,” with variables. Descriptive studies aimed to determine, describe, or a Net Promoter Score categorizing it as “Promoter.” id entify 'what is.' At the same time, analytical research sought to establish 'why' or 'how' it came to be. The primary purposes of

Milkfish, a dietary staple for many, is highly ResNet50 architecture to classify milkfish into fresh and susceptible to spoilage. Maintaining its freshness is not - fresh categories, (Mahendran, R., & Seneviratne, G. crucial to preserve both its quality and nutritional value. P. (2022). Their model achieved promising results, While traditional methods like icing have been widely demonstrating the potential of deep learning for accurate used, they often rely on subjective asses sments. and efficient freshness assessmen t. Another study by In recent years, image processing techniques Abu Rayan et al. (2021) utilized a combined deep have emerged as a promising solution to objectively learning model, incorporating VGG - 16 and Bi - directional Long Short - Term Memory (BiLSTM) assess fish freshness. By analyzing specific features like eye clarity, gill color, and tissue integrity, artificial networks, to classify fish freshness with high accuracy. intelligence models, such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), can accurately determine whether a By developing and deploying deep learning milkfish is fresh or not. models, it is possible to automate the process of fish Our research focused on developing a CNN freshness classification, Aguil, A. J. C., et.al. (2018). model, to analyze images of milkfish. By segmenting reducing the reliance on human judgment and key areas like the eyes and body tissues, the model can improving the overall quality control in the seafood extract relevant features and make precise predictions. indu stry. This technology can help ensure that

For hydroponic farmers, this system was developed to a water pump controlled by a relay. But most of the problems create a vertical hydroponic farm with water level, PH level, humidity - encountered in hydroponic farming are that farmers need to maintain a temperature monitoring, and automatic watering using IoT. The controlled growing environment for plants, such as lighting, system was created by the researchers using a prototyping temperature, nutrient solution PH level, and electrical conductivity, methodology. This technology is made to give the farmer a simple way because they affect the growth of the plant. In horizontal hydroponics, to use the internet on their cell phone to monitor their vertical the water is stored below the roots of the plants, where algae grow and hydroponic farm. Using ISO 25010, an international standard for become messy and dirty. This ma y increase the risk of spreading software evaluation, the system was assessed. Even though they were disease to your hydroponic system. The other problem on hydroponic f ar from their farm, the system allowed the farmers to keep an eye on farms is power outages or blackouts. If there is a power blackout for a the condition of their hydroponic farm. They may check the PH level, day, the hydroponic system will stop pumping water that cycles to the water level, temperature, and humidity of their hydroponic farm using plants, which may cause plants to die for a day without water cycling a mobile device that is internet - connected. The mobile monitoring app, to their roots. which shows the farmer's phone the value of the sensor reading from Triston Hooks et al. (2022) stated that during summer or the vertical hydroponic farm and the moment the data was retrieved, winter, greenhouse production of cool - season crops such as lettuce and requires the farmer to have internet connectivity. This was done in an pak choi using deep - water culture systems and nutrient solution cooling effort to create a better Internet of Things (IoT) - based vertical or heating to a target temperature of 24 ◦C increased sh oot biomass and hydroponic farm system for use in residences and businesses. Sensors total leaf area compared with control. Spinach was the most heat - are now able to gather data, which can then be digitally analyzed from sensitive species, and solution cooling to 24 ◦C was not sufficient for anywhere in the world. For those who are new to the field, utilizing an marketable growth. However, both lettuce and pak choi can be Ardu ino microcontroller (MCU) is simple and enjoyable. Here is an effectively grown during the summer with n utrient solution cooling. example of PH level, water level, humidity, and temperature Likewise, nutrient solution heating during the winter season increased monitoring in the field of agriculture using an Arduino Wemos D1 Wi - lettuce plant growth with a relatively low air temperature setting in the Fi Hardware and the Internet of Things. greenhouse to reduce heating costs. Overall, more research is needed for optimization of the nutrient solution temperature range for both cooling and heating of various high - value baby leafy greens.

Detecting fraudulent websites is essential for cy- balancing model accuracy with privacy. This paper investigates bersecurity, as these sites often serve as vehicles for phishing, identity theft, and malware distribution. Machine learning mod- the application of DP in Decision Trees, comparing a tradi- els, particularly Decision Trees, have shown strong effectiveness tional Decision Tree with a differentially private version and in identifying patterns indicative of fraudulent sites. However, analyzing the impact of varying levels of the privacy budget, the need to protect sensitive user data introduces challenges, epsilon, on model performance. necessitating privacy-preserving approaches like Differential Pri- vacy (DP). This study investigates the application of DP in Decision Tree classifiers to assess the trade-offs between privacy II. M ATERIALS AND M ETHODS and utility in detecting fraudulent websites. Using a publicly available dataset, we compare a traditional Decision Tree with A. Dataset a differentially private version across various values of the The dataset used in this study is sourced from a public privacy budget, epsilon ( ϵ ). Our results show that while the original model achieves optimal performance with an accuracy dataset [6]. This dataset comprises several features that char- of 95.4%, the DP model at an optimal ϵ = 4 . 09 maintains high acterize websites, including elements such as URL length, utility, achieving 83.7% accuracy and an F1-score of 82.7%, domain age, and the presence of HTTPS. These features are demonstrating its suitability for privacy-sensitive applications. essential in distinguishing legitimate websites from fraudulent This study highlights that with moderate ϵ values, DP Decision ones. The dataset is labeled, with each instance marked as Trees can provide effective privacy protection with minimal performance loss, making them viable for real-world applications either fraudulent or non-fraudulent, which allows supervised where both privacy and predictive accuracy are critical. learning models to be trained and evaluated on this binary